Hong Gou, Chu-Han borderline of Chu-Han Contention at Yellow River
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In 206 BC, Liu Bang led his forces to attack Guanzhong. At that time, Xiang Yu was at war with Qi and did not focus on resisting the Han forces. The following year, Liu Bang formed an alliance with another five kingdoms and attacked Western Chu with a 560,000 strong army, capturing Xiang Yu's capital city of Pengcheng. Upon hearing that, Xiang led 30,000 men to attack Liu and defeated the latter at the Battle of Pengcheng, with the Han army suffering heavy casualties. Liu Bang managed to escape after his defeat with Xiang Yu's troops on pursuit. The Han forces retreated to Xingyang and defended the city firmly, preventing the Chu troops from advancing west any further, but only managed to hold on until 204 BC. Liu's general Ji Xin disguised himself as his lord and surrendered to Xiang Yu, buying time for Liu Bang to escape. When Xiang learnt that he had been fooled, he was furious and had Ji Xin burnt to death. After the fall of Xingyang, the Chu and Han forces were divided on two fronts along present-day Henan province. (Wikipedia) the right side was the Chu side (that of Xiang Yu) and the left Han (that of Liu Bang) ; Hong Gau is literally a huge ditch, which can be taken to mean the great difference of opinion separating two parties, often rivals
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